Lymphoma is type of blood Cancer that occurs when lymphocytes white blood cells that help to protect the body from infection and disease begin behaving abnormally. Abnormal may divide faster than cells or they may live longer than they are supposed to.Lymphoma may develop in many parts of the body, including the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, blood or other organ.
Types of Lymphoma :
There are two main types of Lymphoma. Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, or Hodgkin’s disease, all other types of Lymphoma are called Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas.
Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma are both Cancers that start in lymphoid tissue (also called lymphatic tissue). The lymphatic system is important for filtering germs and cancer cells as well as fluid from the extremities and internal organs. Other types of Cancer, lung or colon Cancers, for example, can develop in other organs and then spread to lymphoid tissue. But these Cancers that can spread to lymph nodes are not Lymphomas. Lymphomas start in lymphoid tissue and can spread to other organs.
What Causes Lymphoma?
The cause of most Lymphomas is not known. Most are probably caused by mutations in certain genes, called oncogenes, which then allow normal cells to divide out of control.
The factors that may increase a person’s risk of getting Lymphoma are: Exposure to chemicals such as certain solvents, pesticides, herbicides, and water contaminated with nitrate, Taking drugs that suppress the immune system, Having an autoimmune disease, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, Having stomach ulcers or gastritis caused by a kind of bacteria called H. pylori, Having a weakened immune system. For example, people with AIDS are 50 to100 times more likely to develop Lymphoma than people who are not infected with the AIDS virus, Various viral infections, for example the Epstein – Barr virus and the Hepatitis C virus.
DIAGNOSIS OF LYMPHOMAS :
To identify which areas of the body are affected by Lymphoma, the following tests are also commonly used:
Blood tests, including
*Blood chemistry
*Bone marrow biopsy or aspiration
*Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to check for Cancer spread to the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
*Ultrasound
- Computed tomography (CT) of the chest and abdomen or sometimes X-rays
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Bone scan or gallium scan (when a radioactive material is injected into the bloodstream to look for evidence of inflammation or bone tumors)
- Gallium scan to look for tumor or inflammatory cells
- Positron emission tomography (PET) scan to look for abnormal cells
Common Symptoms of Lymphoma :
·Swollen lymph glands
·Fever and night sweats
·Unexplained weight loss.
·Tiredness and fatigue
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